70 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
70 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
Title: "When the Sky Falls: Cybersecurity Threats to Mining's Aerial Operations"
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## Equipment used
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- [research from sciencedirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352938523000708)
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- Sattelite
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- Remote Sensing & Imagery (Hyperspectral, Multispectral)
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- real time data transmission for quick adjustments
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- Drones
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- [Drone based Echo sounder, Ground Penetrating Radar](https://www.sphengineering.com/news/drone-based-gpr-and-echo-sounder-for-mining-operations-enhancement)
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- [Zond Aero 1000 NG](https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0596/9451/4353/files/RadSys_Zond_Aero_1000_NG_datasheet.pdf?v=1732295405)
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- [skyhub User manual](https://integrated.ugcs.com/dl/docs/skyhub-user-manual-r14.pdf)
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- [zond software](https://www.radsys.lv/en/download/)
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- Sattelites
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- language of satelites
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- [CCSDS](https://ccsds.org/)
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- [lossless data compression](https://ccsds.org/wp-content/uploads/gravity_forms/5-448e85c647331d9cbaf66c096458bdd5/2025/01//121x0b3.pdf?gv-iframe=true)
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- type of scanning
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- - Remote Sensing & Imagery (Hyperspectral, Multispectral)
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- real time data transmission for quick adjustments
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- Sattelite equipment
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- MSS
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- LandsatTM
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- ETM
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- SPOT
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- IKINOS
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- QUICKBIRD
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- [Sentinal 1](https://eos.com/find-satellite/sentinel-1/)
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- [Application of remote sensing in mining](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354208628_Application_of_Remote_Sensing_in_Mining)
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## list of attack vectors
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- Denial of Service
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- signal jamming
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- gps jamming (have device to detect this from Larry Peschie)
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- MITM
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- [hacking the Space Link Extension Protocol](https://visionspace.com/hacking-sle/)
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- [NASA cryptolib sw](https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib)
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- [crashing cryptolib](https://securitybynature.fr/post/hacking-cryptolib/)
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- Hijacking
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- Data Exfil
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## countermeasures
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- Incident response
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- training
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- P2P encryption
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- consider PSK
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## Klanker results
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### Satellites for Surveying Mining Sites (Geological Surveys)
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- **Landsat series** (NASA/USGS): Multispectral imaging for mineral mapping and alteration detection.
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- **ASTER** (NASA/Japan): Hyperspectral for ore deposit mapping and alteration zones.
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- **Sentinel-2** (ESA): High-res multispectral for rock/vegetation analysis.
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- **WorldView-3** (Maxar): 30cm res hyperspectral for detailed mineralogy.
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- **Hyperion/Prisma** (NASA/ASI): Hyperspectral for spectral signatures.
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### Satellites for Continuous Monitoring
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- **Sentinel-1** (ESA): SAR radar for slope stability, stockpiles, and deformation (every 6-12 days).
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- **Landsat series**: Optical time-series for land changes and environmental impacts.
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- **Sentinel-2**: Frequent revisits for vegetation, water, and disturbance tracking.
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- **WorldView-3**: High-res for ongoing stockpile and spill detection.
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### Drones Commonly Used in Mining Surveys
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- **DJI Matrice 300 RTK**: High-precision mapping, LiDAR, and thermal imaging for geological surveys and stockpile analysis.
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- **DJI Phantom 4 RTK**: Photogrammetry for detailed 3D terrain models and mineral exploration.
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- **SenseFly eBee X**: Fixed-wing for large-scale surveys, multispectral sensors for mineral detection.
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- **Freefly Alta X**: Heavy-lift for LiDAR and geophysical sensors, ideal for rugged mining terrain.
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- **WingtraOne**: VTOL drone for high-res mapping and hyperspectral imaging in remote sites. |